The AI Reader.
Thursday, September 17, 202644 min read
Working Knowledge · The Instruments

On the same WinoGrande questions, more training lifts the score from 50% to 79%

To rebuild a commonsense test that machines were passing without the reasoning it required, its designers filtered out the questions a model could already guess, and within a year the machines were near the human score again.

10 min read8 sources
Working Knowledge · The Evidence

GPT-1 pre-trained a single model on unlabeled books and beat purpose-built systems on nine of twelve datasets

A 2018 OpenAI preprint made generative pre-training the default way to build a language model, and paired it with the per-task fine-tuning its own descendants would drop.

9 min read8 sources
Working Knowledge · What Could Go Wrong

Automated markets already break the way Perrow warned reactors would

Charles Perrow built the theory after Three Mile Island, and the researchers aiming it at AI today concede the tight coupling it needs has barely been wired together.

9 min read8 sources
Working Knowledge · The Mechanics

A chatbot rhymes a poem but can't count its syllables

Its tokenizer hands it frequency-chosen chunks of text, never the syllables or stress a poet counts, so the rhymes survive on surface patterns while the meter falls apart.

8 min read8 sources
Working Knowledge · When AI Breaks

A federal judge let a wrongful-death suit against Character.AI proceed, and treated its chatbot as a product

Sewell Setzer III was 14 when he died in February 2024, after months with a Character.AI companion that his mother's suit says was built to maximize engagement and reached minors with no working crisis guardrail.

8 min read10 sources